Data Analytics report

Oppia structural terminology: evidence and test decision

An evidence-backed decision brief on the structural naming risk, current evidence limits, and the learner test needed before standardization.

Executive Summary

  • The expanded evidence improves confidence about risks and test criteria, but it does not validate Adventure or Unit as the middle-layer label.
  • Do not reuse Chapter for the middle grouping without resolving the hierarchy. Chapter is already a concrete lower-layer action target in Oppia records.
  • Treat Adventure as an untested experiential promise. All 12Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json internal occurrences are proper story titles, not structural labels. Public products use Adventure for an enacted role, task, environment, goal, and storyline.
  • Keep Unit's risk specific. All 5Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json internal occurrences are Nigerian mathematics or measurement language. Official French and Brazilian Portuguese products use localized equivalents, so a broad translation-risk claim is unsupported.
  • Keep the source totals separate. The audited public ledger contains 65Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json artifacts. The supplied cloud pass reports 40Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json additional items. Zero are merged because the item-level source links needed for review and deduplication were not supplied.
  • Decide the structure before the noun. Test whether the middle layer needs a visible label, then compare candidates through first-click and teach-back tasks with priority-region learners.
Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Internal documents scanned

208Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Reviewed internal Oppia research documents. This is a document count, not a participant count.

Reviewed internal Oppia research documents. This is a document count, not a participant count.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Reported IDs, full corpus

527Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Distinct reported participant IDs across the full corpus; 489 have profile coverage.

Distinct reported participant IDs across the full corpus; 489 have profile coverage.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Terminology-bearing IDs

325Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Distinct reported IDs in terminology-bearing evidence units.

Distinct reported IDs in terminology-bearing evidence units.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Term observations

3,177Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Participant-linked term rows. These are not independent learners.

Participant-linked term rows. These are not independent learners.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Public source artifacts

65Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Distinct public artifacts across four evidence lanes, kept separate from internal corpus measures.

Distinct public artifacts across four evidence lanes, kept separate from internal corpus measures.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Cloud-pass items reported

40Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Items reported in the supplied bounded pass. No items are merged without item-level URLs and deduplication.

Merged 0Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json
Items reported in the supplied bounded pass. No items are merged without item-level URLs and deduplication.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Selected papers coded

16Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Papers fully coded for design, scope, persona match, contradictory evidence, transfer limits, and decision use.

Papers fully coded for design, scope, persona match, contradictory evidence, transfer limits, and decision use.Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

What direct Oppia evidence shows

Chapter appears in participant-linked evidence for 227Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv reported IDs across 86Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv documents. The qualitative anchors show it functioning as the selectable lower-layer action. Story appears for 114Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv IDs across 63Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv documents. Lesson and Topic are also established terms in the existing hierarchy.

These are coverage counts. They do not measure spontaneous preference, comprehension, or population prevalence.

Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv

Aggregate term coverage across reviewed Oppia research documents, including complete manual audits for Adventure and Unit.

Adventure and Unit were manually audited: zero structural-label uses. Values remain visible without hover; the source and table preserve the audit context.

Oppia corpus terminology coverage data
TermDistinct reported participant IDsDistinct documentsParticipant-linked observationsAudited structural uses
Lesson274reported IDs1029310
Topic250reported IDs931,2440
Chapter227reported IDs865260
Story114reported IDs631700
Part91reported IDs451170
Section73reported IDs411030
Level46reported IDs14500
Adventure12reported IDs7120
Course11reported IDs9110
Unit4reported IDs350
Path3reported IDs330
Module2reported IDs120

Adventure and Unit are fully manually audited. Other rows are automated coverage pending preference coding.

Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv

Aggregate term coverage across reviewed Oppia research documents, including complete manual audits for Adventure and Unit.

Internal corpus term coverage
TermObservationsReported IDsDocumentsAudited rowsStructural usesCoding status
Lesson931Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv274Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv102Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Topic1,244Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv250Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv93Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Chapter526Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv227Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv86Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Story170Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv114Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv63Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Part117Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv91Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv45Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Section103Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv73Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv41Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Level50Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv46Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv14Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Adventure12Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv12Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv7Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv12Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvcomplete manual audit
Course11Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv11Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv9Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Unit5Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv4Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv5Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvcomplete manual audit
Path3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Module2Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv2Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv1Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Theme3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv2Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding
Strand0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv0Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csvautomated coverage not preference coding

What the complete Adventure and Unit audits show

Adventure: 12Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv observations across 7Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv documents; every occurrence is inside a proper story title; zero audited structural-label uses. The corpus cannot tell us how learners would respond to Adventure as a new navigation label.

Unit: 5Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv observations linked to 4Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv reported IDs across 3Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv documents; every occurrence is Nigerian place-value, measurement, or related mathematics language; zero audited structural-label uses. This establishes a collision risk, not the size of any interface harm.

Source: Oppia internal corpus term summaryTable: corpus_term_summary.csv

Aggregate term coverage across reviewed Oppia research documents, including complete manual audits for Adventure and Unit.

Illustrative examples clarify what happened; they are not prevalence estimates.

Source: Oppia qualitative anchor summaryTable: qualitative_anchor_summary.csv

Public-safe qualitative examples that clarify hierarchy behavior and the complete Adventure and Unit audits.

Direct evidence anchors
IDPatternEvidence summaryEvidence roleProduct relevance
Q1Story card bypassedA learner chose the first chapter because the Stories You Can Play card did not appear related to mathematics lessons.Illustrative direct Oppia observationThe relationship between story grouping and instructional content needs stronger information scent.
Q2Chapter list misreadA learner opened a named story grouping but interpreted its chapter list as questions until the facilitator explained it.Illustrative direct Oppia observationA new noun alone may not clarify the hierarchy or expected action.
Q3Chapter used as an action targetMultiple participant-linked records describe selecting or starting a numbered chapter to begin learning.Repeated direct and observed Oppia evidenceChapter already carries concrete next-action meaning for the lower layer.
Q4Adventure appears in proper titlesEvery audited Adventure occurrence was part of a named story title rather than a category label.Complete manual audit of all 12 corpus occurrencesAdventure remains an untested structural label.
Q5Unit collides with mathematics vocabularyEvery audited Unit occurrence concerned Nigerian place-value or measurement terminology rather than navigation.Complete manual audit of all 5 corpus occurrencesUnit is globally conventional but not semantically neutral for this learner context.
Q6Middle layer described positionallyWhen directly asked to identify the intermediate screen, one learner described it as the second page rather than supplying a content-category noun.Illustrative direct Oppia observationThe middle layer may be absent from the learner's mental model, making a no-generic-noun treatment a testable third option.

What public evidence adds

External products, communities, and curricula use Unit, Chapter, Topic, Story, and Lesson in educational contexts. Unit appears in 10Source: Public source terminology summaryTable: public_source_term_summary.csv Product UI/help artifacts. It also appears in 6Source: Public source terminology summaryTable: public_source_term_summary.csv Public community artifacts and 4 Target-region curriculum artifacts. Adventure appears in 2Source: Public source terminology summaryTable: public_source_term_summary.csv Product UI/help artifacts and 1Source: Public source terminology summaryTable: public_source_term_summary.csv Academic mechanism artifact.

This is language exposure and context. It is not a vote, a preference sample, or evidence that a term maps cleanly to Oppia's middle layer.

Source: Public source terminology summaryTable: public_source_term_summary.csv

Distinct public source artifacts using a term within Product UI/help, Public community, Target-region curriculum, or Academic mechanism lanes.

What the bounded netnographic pass adds

The supplied pass reports 40Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv items. These include a 16Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv-item natural-language subset and 12Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv deliberately disconfirming cases for Unit. The final eight reported items produced no new broad category noun, which is bounded theoretical saturation, not population proof. The pass adds useful corrections and hypotheses, but the item-level source links and search log are unavailable. Zero items are therefore added to the audited public ledger.

The vocabulary counts that follow are approximate, overlapping, and descriptive. They cannot be read as population frequencies or added to the 65Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv audited artifacts.

Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv

Accounting for the supplied 40-item pass and the rule that none of those reported items are merged without item-level URLs and deduplication.

This table prevents the audited 65-source ledger and the separate 40-item synthesis from being displayed as 105 sources.

Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv

Accounting for the supplied 40-item pass and the rule that none of those reported items are merged without item-level URLs and deduplication.

Bounded-pass source accounting
Source frameReported itemsDisconfirmingItem URLsMerge statusReason
Competitor product help and localized UI evidence10Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv—nodo_not_mergeSome claims were independently corroborated and added as new reviewed artifacts; the reported set itself remains non-mergeable.
Natural learner parent teacher community and review language16Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv—nodo_not_mergeReported count is useful for interpreting the supplied synthesis, but item-level source records are absent.
Practitioner and academic literature5Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv—nodo_not_mergeSome claims were independently corroborated and added as new reviewed artifacts; the reported set itself remains non-mergeable.
Regional curriculum and exam-prep ecosystems9Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv—nodo_not_mergeReported count cannot be deduplicated against the auditable public ledger.
Total supplied bounded netnographic pass40Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csv12Source: Bounded netnography source accountingTable: netnography_source_accounting.csvnodo_not_mergeDo not add 40 to the reviewed public-source total until an item-level ledger with URLs is recovered and deduplicated.

Adventure and Series remain visible at zero. This supplemental subset has no item-level source ledger and is not added to the 65 audited public artifacts.

Vocabulary in the supplied natural-language subset data
TermApproximate source countSubset sizeInterpretationLimitation
Lesson9sources16Stable lower-level word but not normally the grouping above lessons.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Course8sources16Familiar but normally too large for the contested layer.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Topic8sources16Natural and regionally broad but already the parent level in Oppia.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Unit7sources16Familiar within products that explicitly reinforce the term; not universal spontaneous language.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Section4sources16Often learned from product taxonomy and reads as navigational.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Module3sources16Understandable but adult, professional, or LMS-coded in this sample.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Level2sources16Usually answers how advanced rather than what collection of lessons.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Chapter1sources16Externally sparse but strong in Oppia-specific learner evidence; already names the lower level.Approximate external count excludes repeated Oppia corpus use.
Part1sources16Plain and low-jargon but too thin to call an established category noun.Approximate source count from supplied synthesis; item-level URLs are unavailable.
Adventure0sources16No spontaneous use as a hierarchy noun in the supplied natural-language subset.Zero in a bounded purposive sample is not population absence.
Series0sources16Did not surface as a meaningful contender.Zero in a bounded purposive sample is not population absence.

Use corroborated corrections directly. Treat unlinked synthesis findings as bounded hypotheses, not auditable source counts.

Source: Bounded netnography synthesisTable: cloud_netnography_synthesis.csv

Ten bounded findings from the supplied netnographic pass, with corroboration status, confidence, decision relevance, and limitations.

What the bounded netnographic pass changes
IDFindingCorroborationConfidenceDecision relevanceLimitation
N1Separate naturally occurring language from platform labelsmethodologically coherenthigh for methodUse the natural-language subset as a separate descriptive lane.The item-level source ledger was not supplied in the pasted synthesis.
N2Adventure was not tested as a category heading in the Oppia corpuscorroborated by complete local audithigh for reviewed corpusTreat Adventure as untested rather than misunderstood.Absence does not predict response to a future label.
N3The broad bad-translation claim for Unit is unsupportedcorroborated by current official product pageshigh for localization correction; low for interface harmRemove the claim that Unit generally translates badly.Localized product use does not establish unaided child comprehension.
N4Institutional ecology explains terminology better than nationalitycorroborated by official regional product and curriculum surfacesmoderateDesign and test against the learner's educational ecosystem.Direct regional learner voice remains thin.
N5Sequence confusion is commonly expressed procedurallysupported by supplied synthesis; item-level links incompletemoderateTest destination prediction and next-step comprehension alongside wording.Public communities overrepresent friction and adults.
N6Adventure carries an experiential contractcorroborated by official Duolingo Adventures and narrative-review literaturemoderate-high for semantic expectationUse only if the product experience fulfills the promise.Actual Oppia learner response to the label is untested.
N7A visible grouping without a generic noun is a legitimate third optioncorroborated by local qualitative anchorsmoderatePrototype a no-generic-noun treatment with strong card content and sequence cues.Requires more explanatory work from the visual hierarchy.
N8Formal actors and self-directed learners emphasize different needssupported by supplied bounded passmoderate-thinSegment qualitative follow-up by learning context.Child-specific public evidence is sparse.
N9Disconfirming-case selection improves credibilityreported in supplied synthesis; not independently auditablemoderate for method descriptionPresent saturation as bounded reconnaissance rather than exhaustive proof.Item-level URLs and search log are unavailable here.
N10No single naturally dominant noun emergedreported in supplied synthesismoderateInterpret terms by semantic role and hierarchy level.Counts are approximate, overlapping, and not population frequencies.

Terminology follows educational ecosystems

Exam-prep, textbook-linked, LMS, gamified-path, adult self-paced, and low-bandwidth systems foreground different terms because they organize different tasks. This institutional context explains exposed vocabulary better than nationality alone.

  • Exam prep: Subject, Topic, Paper, Question, and Lesson answer “what should I revise next?”
  • Textbook-linked: Unit, Chapter, and Topic support book and solution finding.
  • LMS/formal course: Course, Unit, Lesson, and Quiz describe a taught hierarchy.
  • Gamified path: Section, Unit, Lesson, and Adventure work with visible progress and enacted activities.
  • Adult self-paced: Course, Module, and Aula/Lesson reflect creator-led course structure.
  • Low-bandwidth delivery: Class, Subject, Topic, and Lesson foreground quick access to the next task.

On a narrow screen, this list is the reading path; the matrix below preserves the full evidence and limitations. Test the label inside the intended hierarchy and learning task. Do not infer a learner preference from institutional vocabulary alone.

Source: Institutional ecology evidence matrixTable: institutional_ecology_matrix.csv

Six educational ecosystems with foregrounded terminology, typical user questions, evidence strength, decision use, and transfer limits.

Read each row as a system context. The same learner may encounter several ecosystems and vocabularies.

Source: Institutional ecology evidence matrixTable: institutional_ecology_matrix.csv

Six educational ecosystems with foregrounded terminology, typical user questions, evidence strength, decision use, and transfer limits.

Terminology varies by educational ecosystem
EcosystemExamplesForegrounded termsTypical user questionEvidence strengthDecision useLimitation
Adult self-pacedBrazil; HotmartCourse; Module; Aula/LessonWhich module or class should I complete?moderateModule may fit adult learning but has thin child evidence.Adult creator and learner surfaces are proxies for Oppia children.
Exam-prepNigeria; Ghana; KenyaSubject; Topic; Paper; Question; LessonWhat should I revise or practice next?moderateUse familiar task and sequence cues rather than assuming Unit is the operative category.Mostly product vocabulary rather than direct learner speech.
Gamified progress pathDuolingoSection; Unit; Lesson; AdventureWhere am I on the path and what experience comes next?high for conventionUnit works with visible path, numbering, names, and completion state; Adventure names an enacted activity.Product exposure primes community vocabulary.
LMS and formal courseKhan Academy; Sesame LearningCourse; Unit; Lesson; QuizWhich formal subdivision or mastery boundary am I in?high for conventionUnit is a real learned convention when reinforced by explicit structure and progress.Convention does not prove unaided comprehension in Oppia.
Low-bandwidth curriculum deliveryEneza; KolibriClass; Subject; Topic; LessonWhat can I access quickly on this device?moderateCompact task-oriented hierarchy may matter more than a new generic noun.Public product copy is not direct learner-generated vocabulary.
Textbook-linkedIndia; CBSE; NCERTUnit; Chapter; TopicWhich chapter or solution do I need?moderate-highChapter is a strong discovery and action term but already names Oppia's lower level.Formal hierarchy and learner-facing discovery do not always use the same noun.

Source reliability and persona match

Reliability and directness are different. Official curricula and peer-reviewed papers can be high-reliability sources. They remain indirect evidence for an Oppia learner naming decision. Product documentation shows system conventions. Public community material is useful netnographic context. It is self-selected and mostly adult or implementer proxy evidence.

Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv

Reliability, persona relationship, child relevance, and geographic coverage for each public evidence lane.

Named series and direct values avoid color-only meaning. The separate 40-item cloud pass contributes zero rows to this chart.

Reviewed public sources by evidence lane and reliability data
Evidence laneSource artifactsReliabilityEvidence laneReliabilityLane totalAudited total
Product/UI24sourcesHighProduct UI/helpHigh reliability2665
Product/UI2sourcesMediumProduct UI/helpMedium reliability2665
Academic15sourcesHighAcademic mechanismHigh reliability2065
Academic5sourcesMediumAcademic mechanismMedium reliability2065
Community0sourcesHighPublic communityHigh reliability1165
Community11sourcesMediumPublic communityMedium reliability1165
Curricula8sourcesHighTarget-region curriculumHigh reliability865
Curricula0sourcesMediumTarget-region curriculumMedium reliability865

High reliability does not make an institutional curriculum or mechanism paper direct evidence of Oppia learner comprehension.

Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv

Reliability, persona relationship, child relevance, and geographic coverage for each public evidence lane.

Public evidence-lane reliability and persona fit
Evidence laneSourcesHigh reliabilityMedium reliabilityLearner or child relatedPersona relationships
Product UI/help26Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv24Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv2Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv11Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csvadult_learning_proxy;child_product_proxy;competitor_proxy;learner_exam_prep_proxy;learner_textbook_proxy;localized_product_proxy;low_resource_proxy;parent_child_proxy;system_convention
Academic mechanism20Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv15Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv5Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv7Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csvchild_learning_proxy;child_navigation_proxy;mechanism_only;navigation_mechanism
Public community11Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv0Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv11Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv7Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csvadult_proxy;implementer_proxy;learner_proxy;parent_child_proxy;parent_teacher_proxy;teacher_proxy
Target-region curriculum8Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv8Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv0Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csv0Source: Public evidence-lane coverageTable: source_coverage.csvinstitutional

What research papers can and cannot support

The reviewed studies support familiar or explicit information scent. They also show that narrative effects depend on the task, presentation, learner group, and outcome. Engagement, comprehension, learning, time, and trust can move in different directions.

None of the reviewed papers directly compares Adventure, Unit, Chapter, Story, or Lesson in Oppia's hierarchy. The literature should define test criteria, not supply a winning label.

Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csv

16 selected papers coded for study design, sample or scope, persona match, contradictory evidence, transfer limits, and decision use.

The papers inform mechanism and test design. None directly compares Oppia's candidate labels.

Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csv

16 selected papers coded for study design, sample or scope, persona match, contradictory evidence, transfer limits, and decision use.

Selected research-paper synthesis
YearPaperStudy designSample or scopePersona and directnessDecision useTransfer limit
2,026Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvSeductive Details Cognitive Load and Learning Outcomes (2026)Multilevel meta-analysis177 effect sizes from 50 studiesMixed; Mechanism synthesisStrengthens the case for a literal low-load hierarchy and an empirical label test.Very recent synthesis with heterogeneous settings; still not a navigation-label test.
2,021Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvExtrinsically Integrated Instructional Quizzes in Learning Games (2021)Within-subject experiment69 children age 10-12Child direct; Framing adjacentMeasure first-choice confidence and appeal separately from destination comprehension.Tests quiz integration rather than a menu label.
2,021Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvTesting the Seductive Details Effect (2021)Two randomized experiments88 and 93 middle-school studentsChild direct; Framing adjacentUse conditional language; do not infer Adventure is inherently distracting.Mean age was about 17 and the task was multimedia instruction.
2,020Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvDesigning Narrative-Focused Role-Playing Games for Visualization Literacy in Young Children (2020)Between-subjects technology-probe study33 children age 11-13Child direct; Framing adjacentTreat engagement and comprehension as separate outcomes in the terminology test.Small study and a visualization-literacy game rather than navigation.
2,020Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvKeep it Coherent: A Meta-Analysis of the Seductive Details Effect (2020)Meta-analysis58 papers; 68 effects; 7521 participantsMixed; Mechanism synthesisRaises confidence that irrelevant framing can impose cost while preserving the need for candidate testing.No direct interface-label comparison.
2,020Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvWhy Story Matters: A Review of Narrative in Serious Games (2020)Narrative literature reviewSerious-game narrative literatureMixed; Mechanism synthesisDefines the experiential contract that Adventure should fulfill if used as a learner-facing label.Reviews serious games rather than a single navigation label or Oppia learners.
2,019Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvEffects of Playing an Educational Math Game That Incorporates Learning by Teaching (2019)Pretest-posttest matched-groups study58 middle-school studentsChild direct; Framing adjacentPrevents using playful framing as evidence of educational effectiveness.One game implementation cannot generalize to a single navigation label.
2,018Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvUsing language to get ready: Familiar labels help children engage proactive control (2018)Randomized between-subjects experiment64 children age 4-6Child direct; Adjacent mechanismSupports testing familiar literal labels but does not identify which candidate is familiar.Affluent mostly White US sample and younger than most Oppia participants.
2,015Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvCognitive and affective effects of seductive details in multimedia learning (2015)Factorial experiment123 participantsStudent proxy; Framing adjacentTreat context and presentation mode as moderators instead of making a global claim.Biology multimedia instruction rather than child navigation.
2,014Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvHow Interface Design and Search Strategy Influence Children's Search Performance and Evaluation (2014)Controlled interface experiment158 children age 10-12Child direct; Navigation adjacentSeparates visual playfulness from structural playfulness and favors conventional hierarchy.European informational websites rather than low-resource educational navigation.
2,014Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvEffects of Seductive Details on Multimedia Learning (2014)Randomized experiment78 Chinese middle-school studentsChild direct; Framing adjacentSupports minimizing unrelated narrative decoration around the decision point.One Chinese text-learning task; not Oppia target regions.
2,012Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvNarrative Games for Learning (2012)Two controlled experimentsCollege studentsAdult proxy; Framing adjacentCounters the assumption that an adventure narrative automatically improves learning.Adult learners and full game experiences are distant from a category-label decision.
2,012Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvA review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effect (2012)Meta-analysis39 experimental effectsMixed; Mechanism synthesisSupports a conservative coherence principle but cannot compare Unit and Adventure.Aggregates heterogeneous learners and materials.
2,011Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvMotivating Children to Learn Effectively (2011)Two controlled studies58 children age 7-11 plus 16 free-choice participantsChild direct; Framing adjacentIf Adventure is used it must describe the actual experience and hierarchy rather than decorate it.A purpose-built mathematics game does not isolate navigation terminology.
2,007Source: Selected academic mechanism evidenceTable: academic_evidence_summary.csvExplicitness of local navigational links (2007)Between-subjects web experiment84 participantsAdult proxy; Direct navigation mechanismSupports explicit action and destination cues around any chosen noun.Adult informational-site sample; not a child or curriculum-term study.

16 results · Showing first 15

Persona coverage and gaps

Nigeria has the strongest direct internal coverage and is overrepresented. Kenya and Ethiopia have moderate internal coverage. India, Ghana, and Cameroon are thin for direct learner inference. Brazil is especially thin. Its evidence relies heavily on institutional or adult proxies. Small cells remain suppressed and are not zeros.

The next test should correct this imbalance rather than add more general terminology examples.

Source: Persona and regional evidence gap registerTable: persona_gap_register.csv

Internal learner coverage and external evidence gaps by priority region, with small cells suppressed.

Recruitment should correct the current imbalance before the team makes a cross-region naming claim.

Source: Persona and regional evidence gap registerTable: persona_gap_register.csv

Internal learner coverage and external evidence gaps by priority region, with small cells suppressed.

Persona coverage and next evidence needs
RegionProfiled IDsTerminology IDsCoverage assessmentLimitationNext evidence
BrazilSuppressedSuppressedvery thin internal; proxy-heavy externalInternal cells are below the publication threshold; the public community source is teacher discourse, not child behavior.Prioritize Portuguese child testing and avoid inferring from translated curriculum nouns alone.
Cameroon115thin internal; external gapThe internal corpus has some learners, but no Cameroon-specific public source was identified.Add official curriculum context and a small direct learner sample.
Ethiopia3328moderate internal; external gapThe corpus contains learners, but the public ledger has no Ethiopia-specific curriculum or community source.Add official curriculum terminology and direct learner label testing.
Ghana15Suppressedthin internal; institutional externalOfficial curriculum terminology is available, but current learner-community evidence is absent.Add direct learner comprehension evidence rather than more institutional terminology.
India1812thin internal; strong external contextProduct, curriculum, and learner-community proxies are available, but direct Oppia coverage is small.Test candidate labels with Indian learners in the intended hierarchy.
Kenya3116moderate internal; institutional externalOfficial curriculum terminology is available, but current public learner discourse is absent.Recruit a small learner comprehension sample across phone and school contexts.
Nigeria364217strong but overrepresentedThe internal corpus is concentrated here; public community evidence is adult proxy rather than direct learner testing.Run label-comprehension tasks with Nigerian learners and preserve the mathematics collision check for Unit.
UgandaSuppressedSuppressedvery thin internal; external gapInternal cells are below the publication threshold and no country-specific public source was identified.Do not make Uganda-specific claims until direct evidence is collected.

Recommendation

  1. Keep Chapter as the lower-layer anchor. Do not move it to the middle grouping without first resolving the hierarchy ambiguity.
  2. Test whether the middle layer needs a visible noun at all. A clearer destination cue may solve the structural problem before the team adds a category name.
  3. If a noun is needed, compare Adventure, Unit, Story/current wording, and a literal control. Do not treat any candidate as validated before the test.
  4. Require Adventure to fulfill its promise. If selected, the destination should visibly provide a role, task, environment, interaction, goal, and storyline.
  5. Separate comprehension from appeal. A label can feel engaging and still predict the wrong destination.

Next decision test

Stage 1: formative first-click and teach-back

Recruit priority-region learners, with added coverage for India, Ghana, Cameroon, and Brazil. Randomize Adventure, Unit, Story/current wording, a literal control, and a no-extra-label version. Ask each learner to choose where they would begin. Then ask them to explain what the card contains and predict what happens after selection.

Record correct destination prediction, first-click errors, teach-back accuracy, confidence, appeal, trust, and completion time. Preserve country-level suppression in reporting.

Stage 2: confirm only if a winner emerges

Run a preregistered, powered randomized comprehension test. Make correct destination prediction the primary outcome. Keep confidence, appeal, trust, and time as secondary outcomes. Agree on the success threshold before reviewing results.

Counting rules and limitations

  • Keep 208Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json internal documents, 527Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json full-corpus reported IDs, 325 terminology-bearing reported IDs, 3,177Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json participant-linked observations, and 65Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json audited public artifacts as separate measures.
  • The 3,177Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json observations are not 3,177Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json independent learners.
  • The supplied cloud pass reports 40Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json items, but zero are merged without item-level source links and deduplication. Never display 105Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json as a combined source total.
  • Reported participant IDs may not equal unique people across every source system.
  • Automated context and quote-like flags require manual audit before preference claims.
  • Public community posts are contextual netnography, not representative learner opinion.
  • Nigeria dominates the internal corpus. Thin or suppressed regions cannot support confident country-level inference.
  • This public artifact contains aggregates only and does not publish participant-level files.
Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Conclusion

The expanded evidence rules out a shortcut, not a term. Chapter already carries lower-layer action meaning. Adventure and Unit have zero structural uses in the fully audited internal occurrences. Public sources and research papers clarify risks and test design, but they do not identify a winner.

The defensible decision is hierarchy first, then a randomized learner comprehension test.

Data and methods

This report uses the validated public-safe handoff generated on August 26, 2026. The bundle contains aggregate internal corpus summaries and public-source terminology and coverage tables. It also includes a complete public source ledger and a 16Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json-paper synthesis. Bounded netnography accounting, institutional-ecology evidence, qualitative anchors, persona gaps, claim boundaries, and a SHA-256 manifest complete the package. All 20Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json files listed in the manifest passed hash validation before integration.

The artifact is a fixed snapshot, not a live connector. Source actions expose the file identity, transformation scope, counting definitions, and interpretation limits for each chart and table.

Source: Validated terminology evidence handoffTable: artifact_handoff.json

Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

Public source provenance

The following table preserves the complete 65Source: Complete public source ledgerTable: public_source_ledger.csv-artifact public ledger. Use the lane, persona relation, reliability, and observed terms together when auditing a claim. The direct references that follow reproduce every external web address and every public-safe local handoff path.

Source: Complete public source ledgerTable: public_source_ledger.csv

Complete public-safe provenance ledger for all 65 public source artifacts, including evidence lane, region, persona relation, reliability, observed terms, contribution, and URL.

Use source metadata to audit a claim. Do not count community posts as representative learner opinion.

Source: Complete public source ledgerTable: public_source_ledger.csv

Complete public-safe provenance ledger for all 65 public source artifacts, including evidence lane, region, persona relation, reliability, observed terms, contribution, and URL.

Complete public source provenance ledger
SourceEvidence laneRegionPersona relationReliabilityTerms observedDirect URL
A review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effectAcademic mechanismMixed learnersmechanism_onlyhighFraming;Narrative;Detailhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1747938X12000413
Base Nacional Comum CurricularTarget-region curriculumBrazilinstitutionalhighThematic unit;Knowledge object;Skillhttps://basenacionalcomum.mec.gov.br/abase/
Bondzi online exam practiceProduct UI/helpGhanalearner_exam_prep_proxyhighSubject;Topic;Paper;Questionhttps://bondzi.online/
Brazil teacher terminology discussionPublic communityBrazilteacher_proxymediumUnidade;Capítulo;Conteúdo;Aulahttps://zh.reddit.com/r/ProfessoresBR/comments/1tc6yn9/fui_questionado_por_pedir_tradu%C3%A7%C3%B5es_nas_minhas/?sort=random
BYJU class 6-10 learning pageProduct UI/helpIndiacompetitor_proxyhighChapter;Lessonhttps://byjus.com/class-6-10/
Can Educational Be Fun?Academic mechanismGeneral learning gamesmechanism_onlymediumGame;Framinghttps://sites.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Amy.Bruckman/papers/bruckman_gdc99.html
CBSE 2026-27 curriculumTarget-region curriculumIndiainstitutionalhighUnit;Chapterhttps://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2027.html
CBSE student syllabus discussionPublic communityIndialearner_proxymediumChapter;Unithttps://www.reddit.com/r/CBSE/comments/1deufiv
CBSE syllabus confusion discussionPublic communityIndialearner_proxymediumChapterhttps://www.reddit.com/r/CBSE/comments/190nh1b
Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engineAcademic mechanismUS middle schoolchild_navigation_proxyhighNavigation;Category;Labelhttps://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4571%282000%2951%3A7%3C646%3A%3AAID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A
Cognitive and affective effects of seductive details in multimedia learningAcademic mechanismGeneral student samplemechanism_onlyhighFraming;Narrative;Detailhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214006591
Comment revoir des leçons sur DuolingoProduct UI/helpFrancelocalized_product_proxyhighChapter;Unit;Lessonhttps://blog.duolingo.com/fr/comment-revoir-des-lecons-sur-duolingo/
Como criar e gerenciar módulos no Hotmart ClubProduct UI/helpBraziladult_learning_proxyhighCourse;Module;Lessonhttps://help.hotmart.com/pt-br/article/360000645592/como-criar-e-gerenciar-modulos-no-hotmart-club-
Como revisar lições no DuolingoProduct UI/helpBrazillocalized_product_proxyhighSection;Unit;Lessonhttps://blog.duolingo.com/pt/como-revisar-licoes-no-duolingo/
Designing Narrative-Focused Role-Playing Games for Visualization Literacy in Young ChildrenAcademic mechanismChildren age 11-13child_learning_proxymediumNarrative;Game;Framinghttps://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13749

65 results · Showing first 15

Direct source references

Public-safe local bundle (21 files)

  1. handoff/academic_evidence_summary.csv
  2. handoff/artifact_handoff.json
  3. handoff/artifact_integration_brief.json
  4. handoff/claim_register.csv
  5. handoff/cloud_netnography_synthesis.csv
  6. handoff/cloud_vocabulary_counts.csv
  7. handoff/corpus_term_by_country.csv
  8. handoff/corpus_term_summary.csv
  9. handoff/institutional_ecology_matrix.csv
  10. handoff/methodology_summary.json
  11. handoff/netnography_source_accounting.csv
  12. handoff/participant_coverage.csv
  13. handoff/persona_gap_register.csv
  14. handoff/public_source_ledger.csv
  15. handoff/public_source_term_summary.csv
  16. handoff/qualitative_anchor_summary.csv
  17. handoff/source_coverage.csv
  18. handoff/visualization_artifact.json
  19. handoff/visualization_chart_data.csv
  20. handoff/visualization_handoff.json
  21. handoff/manifest.sha256.csv

Product UI/help (26)

  1. Oppia About: <https://www.oppia.org/about>
  2. Oppia Fractions topic: <https://www.oppia.org/learn/math/fractions>
  3. Khan Academy Unit Mastery: <https://support.khanacademy.org/hc/en-us/articles/115002552631--Beta-What-is-Unit-Mastery->
  4. Khan Academy Kids App Store page: <https://apps.apple.com/us/app/khan-academy-kids/id1378467217>
  5. Duolingo review lessons: <https://blog.duolingo.com/how-to-review-lessons-on-duolingo/>
  6. Duolingo intermediate mini-units: <https://blog.duolingo.com/intermediate-mini-units/>
  7. Duolingo ABC scope and sequence: <https://lit-lessons-cdn.duolingo.com/resources/duolingo_abc_scope_and_sequence_english.pdf>
  8. BYJU class 6-10 learning page: <https://byjus.com/class-6-10/>
  9. Eneza Education products: <https://www.enezaeducation.com/products>
  10. DIKSHA course enrollment help: <https://diksha.gov.in/help/getting-started/courses/enrolling-course.html>
  11. Sesame Workshop learning courses: <https://learning.sesamework.org/>
  12. Sesame Workshop topics: <https://sesameworkshop.org/topics/language-literacy/>
  13. Ubongo What We Do: <https://www.ubongo.org/what-we-do/>
  14. Kolibri User Guide: <https://kolibri.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>
  15. Kolibri Studio channel structure: <https://kolibri-studio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/add_content.html>
  16. Welcome to Rumie: <https://learn.rumie.org/ERv/bytes/welcome-to-rumie/>
  17. UNICEF Learning Passport annual report: <https://www.unicef.org/media/161326/file/UNICEF%202023%20GARR%20Goal%20Area%202%20Chapter.pdf>
  18. Siyavula Mathematics Grade 8: <https://www.siyavula.com/read/za/mathematics/grade-8>
  19. Duolingo Adventures: <https://blog.duolingo.com/adventures/>
  20. Comment revoir des leçons sur Duolingo: <https://blog.duolingo.com/fr/comment-revoir-des-lecons-sur-duolingo/>
  21. Como revisar lições no Duolingo: <https://blog.duolingo.com/pt/como-revisar-licoes-no-duolingo/>
  22. Myschool Classroom: <https://myschool.ng/classroom>
  23. Bondzi online exam practice: <https://bondzi.online/>
  24. ExamGuide BECE: <https://apps.apple.com/gh/app/examguide-bece/id6754897632>
  25. NCERT Solutions: <https://byjus.com/ncert-solutions/>
  26. Como criar e gerenciar módulos no Hotmart Club: <https://help.hotmart.com/pt-br/article/360000645592/como-criar-e-gerenciar-modulos-no-hotmart-club->

Public community (11)

  1. Homeschool unit-study discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/homeschool/comments/1v084k2/does_anyone_not_do_a_unit_study_if_not_how_do_you/>
  2. Nigeria basic-education discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/Nigeria/comments/1v9umvq/what_do_you_think_about_nigeria_basis_education/>
  3. CBSE student syllabus discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/CBSE/comments/1deufiv>
  4. CBSE syllabus confusion discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/CBSE/comments/190nh1b>
  5. Brazil teacher terminology discussion: <https://zh.reddit.com/r/ProfessoresBR/comments/1tc6yn9/fui_questionado_por_pedir_tradu%C3%A7%C3%B5es_nas_minhas/?sort=random>
  6. Duolingo repeated lessons discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1ut73ek/multiple_repeated_lessons_fix/>
  7. Duolingo previous-section review discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1s176ud/lessons_i_review_from_previous_sections_and_units/>
  8. Duolingo repetitive lessons discussion: <https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1svptbb/the_lessons_are_frustratingly_repetitive/>
  9. TechRadar parent and child Duolingo Math review: <https://www.techradar.com/computing/websites-apps/duolingo-math>
  10. Khan Academy parent reviews: <https://www.commonsensemedia.org/website-reviews/khan-academy>
  11. Learning Equality community forum: <https://community.learningequality.org/>

Target-region curriculum (8)

  1. KICD Grade 1-3 Mathematics curriculum: <https://kicd.ac.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Grade-1-3-Mathematics-Revised.pdf>
  2. NaCCA Mathematics curriculum: <https://nacca.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/MATHEMATICS.pdf>
  3. NERDC eCurriculum portal: <https://www.nerdc.org.ng/eCurriculum/CurriculumView.aspx>
  4. NERDC Primary 1-3 Mathematics: <https://www.nerdc.gov.ng/content_manager/primary/pri1-3_maths.pdf>
  5. NERDC Primary 4-6 Mathematics introduction: <https://www.nerdc.gov.ng/content_manager/primary/pri4-6_maths_intro.pdf>
  6. Base Nacional Comum Curricular: <https://basenacionalcomum.mec.gov.br/abase/>
  7. NCERT current textbook PDF: <https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gegp1ps.pdf>
  8. CBSE 2026-27 curriculum: <https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2027.html>

Academic mechanism (20)

  1. Familiar labels and proactive control in children: <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kv5w174>
  2. Information scent and web navigation: <https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bult.246>
  3. Information scent model: <https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11759>
  4. Empirical test of chocolate-covered broccoli: <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8417244/>
  5. Rethinking Gamification: <https://pubdata.leuphana.de/bitstream/20.500.14123/1109/1/9783957960016_rethinking_gamification.pdf>
  6. Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine: <https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4571%282000%2951%3A7%3C646%3A%3AAID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A>
  7. How Interface Design and Search Strategy Influence Children's Search Performance and Evaluation: <https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/how-interface-design-and-search-strategy-influence-childrens-sear>
  8. Explicitness of local navigational links: <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0165551506068144>
  9. Motivating Children to Learn Effectively: <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10508406.2010.508029>
  10. Narrative Games for Learning: <https://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/maltt/VIP/Ressources/Articles/AdamsMayer_NarrativeGames.pdf>
  11. Designing Narrative-Focused Role-Playing Games for Visualization Literacy in Young Children: <https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13749>
  12. Effects of Playing an Educational Math Game That Incorporates Learning by Teaching: <https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1225288>
  13. Testing the Seductive Details Effect: <https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1294188>
  14. Effects of Seductive Details on Multimedia Learning: <https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v4i3.6024>
  15. Cognitive and affective effects of seductive details in multimedia learning: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214006591>
  16. A review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effect: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1747938X12000413>
  17. Keep it Coherent: A Meta-Analysis of the Seductive Details Effect: <https://rex.libraries.wsu.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Keep-it-Coherent-A-Meta-Analysis-of/99900601155501842>
  18. Seductive Details Cognitive Load and Learning Outcomes: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-025-10099-z>
  19. Can Educational Be Fun?: <https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Amy.Bruckman/papers/bruckman_gdc99.html>
  20. Why Story Matters: A Review of Narrative in Serious Games: <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0735633119859904>

Sources

  1. Validated terminology evidence handoffartifact_handoff.json · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Validated aggregate summary of the internal corpus, public-source architecture, interpretation boundaries, and publication guard.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_json_auto('artifact_handoff.json')
  2. Oppia internal corpus term summarycorpus_term_summary.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Aggregate term coverage across reviewed Oppia research documents, including complete manual audits for Adventure and Unit.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('corpus_term_summary.csv', header=true)
  3. V1 — Oppia corpus terminology coveragevisualization_chart_data.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Validated sorted chart rows joined to corpus audit context for direct values and semantic fallback.

    SQL query
    SELECT v.*, d.* EXCLUDE (term) FROM read_csv_auto('visualization_chart_data.csv', header=true) v LEFT JOIN read_csv_auto('corpus_term_summary.csv', header=true) d ON d.term = v.category WHERE v.visualization_id = 'V1' ORDER BY CAST(v.sort_order AS INTEGER), v.series
  4. Oppia qualitative anchor summaryqualitative_anchor_summary.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Public-safe qualitative examples that clarify hierarchy behavior and the complete Adventure and Unit audits.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('qualitative_anchor_summary.csv', header=true)
  5. Public source terminology summarypublic_source_term_summary.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Distinct public source artifacts using a term within Product UI/help, Public community, Target-region curriculum, or Academic mechanism lanes.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('public_source_term_summary.csv', header=true)
  6. Public evidence-lane coveragesource_coverage.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Reliability, persona relationship, child relevance, and geographic coverage for each public evidence lane.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('source_coverage.csv', header=true)
  7. Selected academic mechanism evidenceacademic_evidence_summary.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    16 selected papers coded for study design, sample or scope, persona match, contradictory evidence, transfer limits, and decision use.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('academic_evidence_summary.csv', header=true)
  8. Bounded natural-language vocabulary subsetcloud_vocabulary_counts.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Approximate overlapping terminology counts from a supplied 16-item natural-language subset without an item-level URL ledger.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('cloud_vocabulary_counts.csv', header=true)
  9. V2 — Supplied natural-language vocabulary subsetvisualization_chart_data.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Validated sorted chart rows joined to the bounded subset's interpretation and limitation fields.

    SQL query
    SELECT v.*, d.* EXCLUDE (term) FROM read_csv_auto('visualization_chart_data.csv', header=true) v LEFT JOIN read_csv_auto('cloud_vocabulary_counts.csv', header=true) d ON d.term = v.category WHERE v.visualization_id = 'V2' ORDER BY CAST(v.sort_order AS INTEGER), v.series
  10. Bounded netnography synthesiscloud_netnography_synthesis.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Ten bounded findings from the supplied netnographic pass, with corroboration status, confidence, decision relevance, and limitations.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('cloud_netnography_synthesis.csv', header=true)
  11. Bounded netnography source accountingnetnography_source_accounting.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Accounting for the supplied 40-item pass and the rule that none of those reported items are merged without item-level URLs and deduplication.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('netnography_source_accounting.csv', header=true)
  12. Institutional ecology evidence matrixinstitutional_ecology_matrix.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Six educational ecosystems with foregrounded terminology, typical user questions, evidence strength, decision use, and transfer limits.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('institutional_ecology_matrix.csv', header=true)
  13. V3 — Reviewed public sources by lane and reliabilityvisualization_chart_data.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Validated source-architecture rows joined to lane totals, persona relationships, and regional coverage.

    SQL query
    SELECT v.*, d.* EXCLUDE (evidence_lane) FROM read_csv_auto('visualization_chart_data.csv', header=true) v LEFT JOIN read_csv_auto('source_coverage.csv', header=true) d ON d.evidence_lane = v.category WHERE v.visualization_id = 'V3' ORDER BY CAST(v.sort_order AS INTEGER), v.series
  14. Persona and regional evidence gap registerpersona_gap_register.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Internal learner coverage and external evidence gaps by priority region, with small cells suppressed.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('persona_gap_register.csv', header=true)
  15. Complete public source ledgerpublic_source_ledger.csv · duckdb · 2026-08-26

    Complete public-safe provenance ledger for all 65 public source artifacts, including evidence lane, region, persona relation, reliability, observed terms, contribution, and URL.

    SQL query
    SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('public_source_ledger.csv', header=true)